Somalia’s Proxy Wars: Who is Manipulating Whom?

This report explores alternative approaches to countering violent extremism in Somalia by focusing on localized clan dynamics, disengagement of Al-Shabaab members, and the limitations of purely military strategies in achieving sustainable security outcomes.}

This study examines how Kenyan communities build resilience against violent extremism, highlighting the impact of heavy-handed security responses, the role of religious cohesion, and local capacity in countering radicalisation.}

Over the last two years, human traffickers and smugglers in East and North Africa have shifted their business models in response to efforts to contain migration flows to Europe, resulting in notable shifts in migration patterns. At the same time, the European Union (EU) has deepened its understanding of how human smugglers and traffickers use money laundering and other illegal financial means to advance their work.}